7% of Scott Kelly’s Genes Changed After a Year in Space – Universe Today
The study took into account possible genomic and cognitive changes between the two [twin] brothers. These findings were recently clarified by NASA, which indicated that 93% of Scott Kelly’s genes returned to normal after he returned to Earth while the remaining 7% points were missing. These were attributed to “longer-term changes in genes related to his immune system, DNA repair, bone formation networks, hypoxia, and hypercapnia.” In other words, in addition to the well-documented effects of microgravity – such as muscle atrophy, bone density loss and loss of eyesight – Scott Kelly also experienced health effect caused by a deficiency in the amount of oxygen that was able to make it to his tissues, an excess of CO2 in his tissues, and long-term effects in how his body is able to maintain and repair itself.
(tags: nasa space iss spaceflight scott-kelly zero-gravity future microgravity health via:elliot)
Iterating over hash sets quickly in Java
Interesting datum:
My numbers are clear: in my tests, it is three times faster to sum up the values in a LinkedHashSet [than a HashSet].
(tags: performance java locality memory cache-friendly data-structures hashsets linkedhashsets sets)